Excretory Products and their Elimination

Arrange the following events occurring in Renin-Angiotensin mechanism in the correct order : Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

1. A, C, E, B, D
2. C, A, B, D, E
3. A, D, B, E, C
4. C, E, D, B, A

The JGA (Juxta Glomerular Apparatus) is a special sensitive region formed by cellular modifications in related to the same nephron.

1. Proximal convoluted tubule and efferent renal arteriole
2. Distal convoluted tubule and efferent renal arteriole
3. Distal convoluted tubule and afferent renal arteriole
4. Proximal convoluted tubule and afferent renal arteriole

Which of the following statements about the reabsorption process in Henle's loop are correct?

1. A, B and D only
2. A and B only
3. B, C and D only
4. A, B and C only

Which of the following diagrams is correct with regard to the proximal (P) and distal (D) tubule of the Nephron.

1. [figure]
2. [figure]
3. [figure]
4. [figure]

Given below are two statements : In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below :

1. Both Statement I and Statement II are true
2. Both Statement I and Statement II are false
3. Statement I is true but Statement II is false
4. Statement I is false but Statement II is true

Choose the correct statement given below regarding juxta medullary nephron.

1. Juxta medullary nephrons are located in the columns of Bertini.
2. Renal corpuscle of juxta medullary nephron lies in the outer portion of the renal medulla.
3. Loop of Henle of juxta medullary nephron runs deep into medulla.
4. Juxta medullary nephrons outnumber the cortical nephrons.

Diuresis is prevented by:

1. Renin from JG cell via switching off the osmoreceptors
2. ANF from atria of the heart
3. Aldosterone from adrenal medulla
4. Vasopressin from Neurohypophysis

Given below are two statements: In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below.

1. Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect.
2. Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct.
3. Both Statement I and Statement II are correct.
4. Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect.

Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R). In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below:

1. Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.
2. A is true but R is false.
3. A is false but R is true.
4. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

Match List I with List II. Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

1. A-I, B-II, C-IV, D-III
2. A-III, B-II, C-IV, D-I
3. A-II, B-I, C-IV, D-III
4. A-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV

Which of the following statements are correct? Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

1. B, C and D only
2. A, B and E only
3. C, D and E only
4. A and B only

Nitrogenous waste is excreted in the form of pellet or paste by :

1. Ornithorhynchus
2. Salamandra
3. Hippocampus
4. Pavo

Select the correct statements. Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below :

1. A, B and C only
2. A, B and E only
3. C, D and E only
4. B, C and D only

Presence of which of the following conditions in urine are indicative of Diabetes Mellitus?

1. Ketonuria and Glycosuria
2. Uremia and Renal Calculi
3. Uremia and Ketonuria
4. Renal calculi and Hyperglycaemia

Which of the following would help in prevention of diuresis?

1. Decrease in secretion of renin by JG cells
2. More water reabsorption due to undersecretion of ADH
3. Reabsorption of Na+ and water from renal tubules due to aldosterone
4. Atrial natriuretic factor causes vasoconstriction

Which of the following factors is responsible for the formation of concentrated urine?

1. Secretion of erythropoietin by Juxtaglomerular complex.
2. Hydrostatic pressure during glomerular filtration.
3. Low levels of antidiuretic hormone.
4. Maintaining hyperosmolarity towards inner medullary interstitium in the kidneys.

Use of an artificial kidney during hemodialysis may result in : Which of the following options is the most appropriate?

1. C and D only
2. A and D only
3. A and B only
4. B and C only

Match the items given in column I with those in column II and select the correct option given below.

1. (a)-(iv), (b)-(i), (c)-(ii), (d)-(iii)
2. (a)-(ii), (b)-(iii), (c)-(i), (d)-(iv)
3. (a)-(iii), (b)-(ii), (c)-(iv), (d)-(i)
4. (a)-(i), (b)-(ii), (c)-(iii), (d)-(iv)

Match the items given in column I with those in column II and select the correct option given below.

1. (a)-(iv), (b)-(i), (c)-(ii), (d)-(iii)
2. (a)-(iv), (b)-(v), (c)-(ii), (d)-(iii)
3. (a)-(v), (b)-(iv), (c)-(i), (d)-(iii)
4. (a)-(v), (b)-(iv), (c)-(i), (d)-(ii)

A decrease in blood pressure/volume will not cause the release of

1. atrial natriuretic factor
2. aldosterone
3. ADH
4. renin

Which of the following statements is correct?

1. The descending limb of loop of Henle is impermeable to water
2. The ascending limb of loop of Henle is permeable to water.
3. The descending limb of loop of Henle is permeable to electrolytes.
4. The ascending limb of loop of Henle is impermeable to water.

In mammals, which blood vessel would normally carry largest amount of urea?

1. Hepatic Vein
2. Hepatic Portal Vein
3. Renal Vein
4. Dorsal Aorta

The part of nephron involved in active reabsorption of sodium is

1. distal convoluted tubule
2. proximal convoluted tubule
3. Bowman's capsule
4. descending limb of Henle's loop

Human urine is usually acidic because

1. potassium and sodium exchange generates acidity
2. hydrogen ions are actively secreted into the filtrate
3. the sodium transporter exchanges one hydrogen ion for each sodium ion, in peritubular capillaries.
4. excreted plasma proteins are acidic

The body cells in cockroach discharge their nitrogenous waste in the haemolymph mainly in the form of -

1. Urea
2. Potassium urate
3. Calcium carbonate
4. Ammonia

Which of the following does not favour the formation of large quantities of dilute urine?

1. Renin
2. Atrial natriuretic factor
3. Alcohol
4. Caffeine

Removal of proximal convoluted tubule from the nephron will result in

1. no change in quality and quantity of urine
2. no urine formation
3. more diluted urine
4. more concentrated urine.

Which of the following causes an increase in sodium reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule?

1. Increase in aldosterone levels
2. Increase in antidiuretic hormone levels
3. Decrease in aldosterone levels
4. Decrease in antidiuretic hormone levels

Figure shows human urinary system with structures labelled A to D. Select option which correctly identifies them and gives their characteristic and/or functions. [Figure]

1. A - Adrenal gland - located at the anterior part of kidney. Secrete catecholamines which stimulate glycogen breakdown.
2. C - Medulla - inner zone of kidney and contains complete nephrons.
3. B - Pelvis - broad funnel shaped space inner to hilum, directly connected to loops of Henle.
4. D - Cortex - outer part of kidney and do not contain any part of nephrons.

Select the option which shows correct matching of animal with its excretory organ and excretory product.

1. array|l|l|l| Animal & Excretory organ & Excretory product \ Labeo (Rohu) & Nephridial tubes & Ammonia \ array
2. array|l|l|l| Animal & Excretory organ & Excretory product \ Salamander & Kidneys & Urea \ array
3. array|l|l|l| Animal & Excretory organ & Excretory product \ Peacock & Kidneys & Urea \ array
4. array|l|l|l| Animal & Excretory organ & Excretory product \ Housefly & Renal tubules & Uric acid \ array