Excretory Products and their Elimination

Which of the following factors is responsible for the formation of concentrated urine?

1. Secretion of erythropoietin by Juxtaglomerular complex.
2. Hydrostatic pressure during glomerular filtration.
3. Low levels of antidiuretic hormone.
4. Maintaining hyperosmolarity towards inner medullary interstitium in the kidneys.

Use of an artificial kidney during hemodialysis may result in : Which of the following options is the most appropriate?

1. C and D only
2. A and D only
3. A and B only
4. B and C only

Match the items given in column I with those in column II and select the correct option given below.

1. (a)-(iv), (b)-(i), (c)-(ii), (d)-(iii)
2. (a)-(ii), (b)-(iii), (c)-(i), (d)-(iv)
3. (a)-(iii), (b)-(ii), (c)-(iv), (d)-(i)
4. (a)-(i), (b)-(ii), (c)-(iii), (d)-(iv)

Match the items given in column I with those in column II and select the correct option given below.

1. (a)-(iv), (b)-(i), (c)-(ii), (d)-(iii)
2. (a)-(iv), (b)-(v), (c)-(ii), (d)-(iii)
3. (a)-(v), (b)-(iv), (c)-(i), (d)-(iii)
4. (a)-(v), (b)-(iv), (c)-(i), (d)-(ii)

A decrease in blood pressure/volume will not cause the release of

1. atrial natriuretic factor
2. aldosterone
3. ADH
4. renin

Which of the following statements is correct?

1. The descending limb of loop of Henle is impermeable to water
2. The ascending limb of loop of Henle is permeable to water.
3. The descending limb of loop of Henle is permeable to electrolytes.
4. The ascending limb of loop of Henle is impermeable to water.

In mammals, which blood vessel would normally carry largest amount of urea?

1. Hepatic Vein
2. Hepatic Portal Vein
3. Renal Vein
4. Dorsal Aorta

The part of nephron involved in active reabsorption of sodium is

1. distal convoluted tubule
2. proximal convoluted tubule
3. Bowman's capsule
4. descending limb of Henle's loop

Human urine is usually acidic because

1. potassium and sodium exchange generates acidity
2. hydrogen ions are actively secreted into the filtrate
3. the sodium transporter exchanges one hydrogen ion for each sodium ion, in peritubular capillaries.
4. excreted plasma proteins are acidic

The body cells in cockroach discharge their nitrogenous waste in the haemolymph mainly in the form of -

1. Urea
2. Potassium urate
3. Calcium carbonate
4. Ammonia