Excretory Products and their Elimination

Human urine is usually acidic because

1. potassium and sodium exchange generates acidity
2. hydrogen ions are actively secreted into the filtrate
3. the sodium transporter exchanges one hydrogen ion for each sodium ion, in peritubular capillaries.
4. excreted plasma proteins are acidic

The body cells in cockroach discharge their nitrogenous waste in the haemolymph mainly in the form of -

1. Urea
2. Potassium urate
3. Calcium carbonate
4. Ammonia

Which of the following does not favour the formation of large quantities of dilute urine?

1. Renin
2. Atrial natriuretic factor
3. Alcohol
4. Caffeine

Removal of proximal convoluted tubule from the nephron will result in

1. no change in quality and quantity of urine
2. no urine formation
3. more diluted urine
4. more concentrated urine.

Which of the following causes an increase in sodium reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule?

1. Increase in aldosterone levels
2. Increase in antidiuretic hormone levels
3. Decrease in aldosterone levels
4. Decrease in antidiuretic hormone levels

Figure shows human urinary system with structures labelled A to D. Select option which correctly identifies them and gives their characteristic and/or functions. [Figure]

1. A - Adrenal gland - located at the anterior part of kidney. Secrete catecholamines which stimulate glycogen breakdown.
2. C - Medulla - inner zone of kidney and contains complete nephrons.
3. B - Pelvis - broad funnel shaped space inner to hilum, directly connected to loops of Henle.
4. D - Cortex - outer part of kidney and do not contain any part of nephrons.

Select the option which shows correct matching of animal with its excretory organ and excretory product.

1. array|l|l|l| Animal & Excretory organ & Excretory product \ Labeo (Rohu) & Nephridial tubes & Ammonia \ array
2. array|l|l|l| Animal & Excretory organ & Excretory product \ Salamander & Kidneys & Urea \ array
3. array|l|l|l| Animal & Excretory organ & Excretory product \ Peacock & Kidneys & Urea \ array
4. array|l|l|l| Animal & Excretory organ & Excretory product \ Housefly & Renal tubules & Uric acid \ array

Which one of the following options gives the correct categorization of six animals according to the type of nitrogenous waste they give out?

1. array|l|l|l| Ammonotelic & Ureotelic & Uricotelic \ Pigeon, humans & Aquatic amphibia, lizards & Cockroach, frog \ array
2. array|l|l|l| Ammonotelic & Ureotelic & Uricotelic \ Frog, lizards & Aquatic amphibia, humans & Cockroach, pigeon \ array
3. array|l|l|l| Ammonotelic & Ureotelic & Uricotelic \ Aquatic amphibia & Frog, humans & Pigeon, lizards, cockroach \ array
4. array|l|l|l| Ammonotelic & Ureotelic & Uricotelic \ Aquatic amphibia & Cockroach, humans & Frog, pigeon, lizards \ array

A fall in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) activates

1. juxtaglomerular cells to release renin
2. adrenal cortex to release aldosterone
3. adrenal medulla to release adrenaline
4. posterior pituitary to release vasopressin.

The maximum amount of electrolytes and water (70 – 80 percent) from the glomerular filtrate is reabsorbed in which part of the nephron?

1. Ascending limb of loop of Henle
2. Distal convoluted tubule
3. Proximal convoluted tubule
4. Descending limb of loop of Henle