Biotechnology: Principles and Processes

What is the criterion for DNA fragments movement on agarose gel during gel electrophoresis ?

1. Positively charged fragments move to farther end
2. Negatively charged fragments do not move
3. The smaller the fragment size, the farther it moves
4. The larger the fragment size, the farther it moves

The process of separation and purification of expressed protein before marketing is called :

1. Upstream processing
2. Bioprocessing
3. Downstream processing
4. Postproduction processing

Which of the following is not a feature of the plasmids ?

1. Single-stranded
2. Transferable
3. Independent replication
4. Circular structure

The taq polymerase enzyme is obtained from

1. Thermus aquaticus
2. Bacillus subtilis
3. Pseudomonas putida
4. Thiobacillus ferrooxidans

Which of the following is a restriction endonuclease ?

1. DNase I
2. Hind II
3. RNase I
4. Protease

Stirred-tank bioreactors have been designed for -

1. ensuring anaerobic conditions in the culture vessel
2. addition of preservatives to the product
3. purification of product
4. availability of oxygen throughout the process

A foreign DNA and plasmid cut by the same restriction endonuclease can be joined to form a recombinant plasmid using

1. Eco RI
2. Polymerase III
3. Ligase
4. Taq polymerase

Which of the following is not a component of downstream processing ?

1. Purification
2. Expression
3. Preservation
4. Separation

Which of the following restriction enzymes produces blunt ends ?

1. Eco RV
2. Hind III
3. Xho I
4. Sal I

The DNA molecule to which the gene of interest is integrated for cloning is called -

1. Transformer
2. Template
3. Vector
4. Carrier

The cutting of DNA at specific locations became possible with the discovery of -

1. Restriction enzymes
2. Selectable markers
3. Probes
4. Ligases

The introduction of T-DNA into plants involves -

1. Altering the pH of the soil, then heat-shocking the plants
2. Infection of the plant by Agrobacterium tumefaciens
3. Exposing the plants to cold for a brief period
4. Allowing the plant roots to stand in water

Which vector can clone only a small fragment of DNA ?

1. Cosmid
2. Bacterial artificial chromosome
3. Yeast artificial chromosome
4. Plasmid

The colonies of recombinant bacteria appear white in contrast to blue colonies of non-recombinant bacteria because of :

1. Insertional inactivation of alphagalactosidase in recombinant bacteria
2. Inactivation of glycosidase enzyme in recombinant bacteria
3. Insertional inactivation of alphagalactosidase in non-recombinant bacteria
4. Non-recombinant bacteria containing betagalactosidase

DNA fragments generated by the restriction endonucleases in a chemical reaction can be separated by :

1. Polymerase chain reaction
2. Restriction mapping
3. Electrophoresis
4. Centrifugation

Which of the following is not correctly matched for the organism and its cell wall degrading enzyme ?

1. Plant cells- Cellulase
2. Algae-Methylase
3. Fungi - Chitinase
4. Bacteria-Lysozyme

Genes of interest can be selected from a genomic library by using :

1. Restriction enzymes
2. Gene targets
3. Cloning vectors
4. DNA probes

During the process of isolation of DNA, chilled ethanol is added to :

1. Break open the cell to release DNA
2. Remove proteins such as histones
3. Facilitate action of restriction enzymes
4. Precipitate DNA

Biolistics (gene-gun) is suitable for

1. DNA finger printing
2. Constructing recombinant DNA by joining with vectors
3. Disarming pathogen vectors
4. Transformation of plant cells

In genetic engineering, the antibiotics are used

1. As sequences from where replication starts
2. As selectable markers
3. To keep the cultures free of infection
4. To select healthy vectors

Which one of the following represents a palindromic sequence in DNA ?

1. 5′-GAATTC-3′ 3′-CTTAAG-5′
2. 5′-GATACC-3′ 3′-CCTAAG-5′
3. 5′-CCAATG-3′ 3′-GAATCC-5′
4. 5′-CATTAG-3′ 3′-GATAAC-5′

The figure below shows three steps (A, B, C) of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Select the option giving correct identification together with what it represents ? [figure]

1. C - Extension in the presence of heat stable DNA polymerase
2. B - Denaturation at a temperature of about 98 separating the two DNA strands
3. A - Denaturation at a temperature of about 50
4. A - Annealing with two sets of primers

The figure below is the diagrammatic representation of the E. coli vector pBR322. Which one of the given options correctly identifies its certain component(s)? [figure]

1. ori - original restriction enzyme
2. ampR, tetR - antibiotic resistance genes
3. rop - reduced osmotic pressure
4. Hind III, EcoR I - selectable markers

Which one is a true statement regarding DNA polymerase used in PCR?

1. It is used to ligate introduced DNA in recipient cell
2. It remains active at high temperature
3. It serves as a selectable marker
4. It is isolated from a virus

For transformation, microparticles coated with DNA to be bombarded with gene gun are made up of

1. Gold or tungsten
2. Platinum or zinc
3. Silver or platinum
4. Silicon or platinum

Which one of the following techniques made it possible to genetically engineer living organisms?

1. Recombinant DNA techniques
2. X-ray diffraction
3. Heavier isotope labeling
4. Hybridization

Read the following four statements (A-D) with certain mistakes in two of them. Which are the two statements having mistakes?

1. Statements (B) and (C)
2. Statements (A) and (C)
3. Statements (A) and (B)
4. Statements (C) and (D)

Given below is a sample of a portion of DNA strand giving the base sequence on the opposite strands. What is so special shown in it ? 5' .............. GAATTC ................ 3' 3' .............. CTTAAG ................ 5'

1. Start codon at the 5' end
2. Replication completed
3. Deletion mutation
4. Palindromic sequence of base pairs

There is a restriction endonuclease called EcoRI. What does "co" part in it stand for ?

1. colon
2. coelom
3. coenzyme
4. coli

Agarose extracted from sea weeds finds use in :

1. Spectrophotometry
2. PCR
3. Tissue Culture
4. Gel electrophoresis