Human Health and Disease

Colostrum, the yellowish fluid, secreted by mother during the initial days of lactation is very essential to impart immunity to the newborn infants because it contains :

1. Macrophages
2. Immunoglobulin A
3. Natural killer cells
4. Monocytes

Drug called ‘Heroin’ is synthesized by :

1. glycosylation of morphine
2. nitration of morphine
3. methylation of morphine
4. acetylation of morphine

Which of the following immune responses is responsible for rejection of kidney graft?

1. Inflammatory immune response
2. Cell-mediated immune response
3. Auto-immune response
4. Humoral immune response

Which part of poppy plant is used to obtain the drug “smack”?

1. Flowers
2. Latex
3. Roots
4. Leaves

Which of the following is not an autoimmune disease?

1. Psoriasis
2. Rheumatoid arthritis
3. Alzheimer’s disease
4. Vitiligo

In which disease does mosquito transmitted pathogen cause chronic inflammation of lymphatic vessels?

1. Elephantiasis
2. Ascariasis
3. Ringworm disease
4. Amoebiasis

Transplantation of tissues/ organs fails often due to non-acceptance by the patient's body. Which type of immune response is responsible for such rejections ?

1. Cell-mediated immune response
2. Physiological immune response
3. Hormonal immune response
4. Autoimmune response

MALT constitutes about percent of the lymphoid tissue in human body

1. 20%
2. 70%
3. 10%
4. 50%

Antivenom injection contains preformed antibodies while polio drops that are administered into the body contain -

1. Attenuated pathogens
2. Activated pathogens
3. Harvested antibodies
4. Gamma globulin

Which of the following statements is not true for cancer cells in relation to mutations ?

1. Mutations inhibit production of telomerase
2. Mutations in proto-oncogenes accelerate the cell cycle
3. Mutations destroy telomerase inhibitor
4. Mutations inactivate the cell control

In higher vertebrates, the immune system can distinguish self-cells and non-self. If this property is lost due to genetic abnormality and it attacks self-cells, then it leads to

1. Active immunity
2. Allergic response
3. Graft rejection
4. Auto-immune disease

Which of the following sets of diseases is caused by bacteria ?

1. Herpes and influenza
2. Cholera and tetanus
3. Tetanus and mumps
4. Typhoid and smallpox

Which of the following is correct regarding AIDS causative agent HIV ?

1. HIV is unenveloped retrovirus
2. HIV is enveloped virus containing one molecule of single-stranded RNA and one molecule of reverse transcriptase.
3. HIV does not escape but attacks the acquired immune response
4. HIV is enveloped virus that contains two identical molecules of single-stranded RNA and two molecules of reverse transcriptase

Which of the following immunoglobulins does constitute the largest percentage in human milk?

1. IgM
2. IgA
3. IgG
4. IgD

Which of the following diseases is caused by a protozoan?

1. Influenza
2. Babesiosis
3. Blastomycosis
4. Syphilis

Grafted kidney may be rejected in a patient due to -

1. Humoral immune response
2. Cell-mediated immune response
3. Passive immune response
4. Innate immune response

Match each disease with its correct type of vaccine

1. A - (i), B - (ii), C - (iv), D - (iii)
2. A - (iv), B - (iii), C - (ii), D - (i)
3. A - (ii), B - (i), C - (iii), D - (iv)
4. A - (iii), B - (ii), C - (iv), D - (i)

The active form of Entamoeba histolytica feeds upon

1. food in intestine
2. mucosa and submucosa of colon only
3. blood only
4. erythrocytes, mucosa and submucosa of colon

HIV that causes AIDS, first starts destroying

1. thrombocytes
2. leucocytes
3. helper T-lymphocytes
4. B-lymphocytes

Which is the particular type of drug that is obtained from the plant whose one flowering branch is shown below? [Figure]

1. Hallucinogen
2. Stimulant
3. Depressant
4. Pain-killer

At which stage of HIV infection does one usually show symptoms of AIDS ?

1. Within 15 days of sexual contact with an infected person.
2. When the infected retro virus enters host cells.
3. When HIV damages large number of helper T-Lymphocytes.
4. When the viral DNA is produced by reverse transcriptase.

Infection of Ascaris usually occurs by :

1. Tsetse fly
2. mosquito bite
3. drinking water containing eggs of Ascaris
4. eating imperfectly cooked pork

Identify the site where Wuchereria bancrofti is normally found on human body :

1. Blood vessels of the thigh region
2. Lymphatic vessels of the lower limbs
3. Muscles of the legs
4. Skin between the fingers

Which one of the following is a hallucinogenic drug?

1. Morphine
2. Opium
3. Caffeine
4. Lysergic acid diethylamide

Identify the molecules (a) and (b) shown below and select the right option giving their source and use. [figure]

1. Molecule (b) Heroin, Source Cannabis sativa, Use Depressant and slows down body functions
2. Molecule (a) Morphine, Source Papaver somniferum, Use Sedative and pain killer
3. Molecule (a) Cocaine, Source Erythroxylum coca, Use Accelerates the transport of dopamine
4. Molecule (b) Cannabinoid, Source Atropa belladonna, Use Produces hallucinations

Which one of the following statements is correct with respect to immunity?

1. Rejection of a kidney graft is the function of B-lymphocytes.
2. Preformed antibodies need to be injected to treat the bite by a viper snake.
3. The antibodies against smallpox pathogen are produced by T-lymphocytes
4. Antibodies are protein molecules, each of which has four light chains.

Motile zygote of Plasmodium occurs in

1. Human liver
2. Salivary glands of Anopheles
3. Human RBCs
4. Gut of female Anopheles

Common cold differs from pneumonia in that

1. Pneumonia is a communicable disease whereas the common cold is a nutritional deficiency disease
2. Pneumonia can be prevented by a live attenuated bacterial vaccine whereas the common cold has no effective vaccine
3. Pneumonia is caused by a virus while the common cold is caused by the bacterium Haemophilus influenzae
4. Pneumonia pathogen infects alveoli whereas the common cold affects nose and respiratory passage but not the lungs

Which one of the following is not a property of cancerous cells whereas the remaining three are ?

1. They do not remain confined in the area of formation
2. They divide in an uncontrolled manner
3. They compete with normal cells for vital nutrients
4. They show contact inhibition

Cirrhosis of liver is caused by the chronic intake of

1. Cocaine
2. Alcohol
3. Tobacco (Chewing)
4. Opium