Biotechnology and its Applications

Genetic engineering has been successfully used for producing –

1. transgenic models for studying new treatments for certain cardiac disease
2. animals like bulls for farm work as they have super power
3. transgenic mice for testing safety of polio vaccine before use in humans
4. transgenic Cow-Rosie which produces high fat milk for making ghee

Some of the characteristics of Bt cotton are –

1. High yield and production of toxic protein crystals which kill dipteran pests
2. High yield and resistance to bollworms
3. Long fibre and resistance to aphids
4. Medium yield, long fibre and resistance to beetle pests

An improved variety of transgenic basmati rice

1. gives high yield but has no characteristic aroma
2. does not require chemical fertilizers and growth hormones
3. is completely resistant to all insect pests and diseases of paddy
4. gives high yield and is rich in vitamin A

The genetic defect – adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency may be cured permanently by

1. Introducing bone marrow cells producing ADA into cells at early embryonic stages
2. Periodic infusion of genetically engineered lymphocytes having functional ADA cDNA
3. Administering adenosine deaminase activators
4. Enzyme replacement therapy

What is true about Bt toxin?

1. The activated toxin enters the ovaries of the pest to sterilise it and thus prevent its multiplication.
2. Bt protein exists as active toxin in the Bacillus
3. The concerned Bacillus has antitoxins
4. The inactive protoxin gets converted into active form in the insect gut

Transgenic plants are the ones -

1. Produced after protoplast fusion in artificial medium
2. Produced by a somatic embryo in artificial medium
3. Generated by introducing foreign DNA into a cell and regenerating a plant from that cell
4. Grown in artificial medium after hybridization in the field

What is antisense technology?

1. RNA polymerase producing DNA
2. Production of somaclonal variants in tissue cultures
3. When a piece of RNA that is complementary in sequence is used to stop expression of a specific gene
4. A cell displaying a foreign antigen used for synthesis of antigens

Cry I endotoxins obtained from Bacillus thuringiensis are effective against:

1. Mosquitoes
2. Flies
3. Nematodes
4. Boll worms

Main objective of production/use of herbicide resistant GM crops is to:

1. eliminate weeds from the field without the use of manual labour
2. eliminate weeds from the field without the use of herbicides
3. encourage eco-friendly herbicides
4. reduce herbicide accumulation in food articles for health safety

Human insulin is being commercially produced from a transgenic species of:

1. Escherichia
2. Mycobacterium
3. Rhizobium
4. Saccharomyces