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Excretory Products and their Elimination

AIPMT 2011 (Prelims)MCQEasy📈 Topic in 50% papers+4−1
Ques. 1AIPMT 2011 (Prelims)

Which one of the following statements is correct with respect to kidney function regulation?

  1. When someone drinks a lot of water, ADH release is suppressed.
  2. Exposure to cold temperature stimulates ADH release.
  3. An increase in glomerular blood flow stimulates formation of angiotensin II.
  4. During summer when body loses a lot of water by evaporation, the release of ADH is suppressed.

Answer

(1) When someone drinks a lot of water, ADH release is suppressed.

Solution

As per NCERT, an excessive loss of fluid from the body activates osmoreceptors, which stimulate the hypothalamus to release ADH (vasopressin); ADH increases water reabsorption from the latter parts of the tubule.

⇒ An increase in body fluid volume switches off the osmoreceptors and suppresses ADH release. So drinking a lot of water suppresses ADH (option 1 correct), and water loss in summer increases ADH (option 4 wrong).

⇒ Cold exposure does not stimulate ADH; urine output rises in cold (option 2 wrong).

⇒ A fall in glomerular blood flow activates the JG cells to release renin, which leads to angiotensin II; an increase does not (option 3 wrong).

Answer: (1)

Keep practising — Excretory Products and their Elimination

Ques. 2AIPMT 2010 (Mains)

In which one of the following organisms its excretory organs are correctly stated?

  1. Humans :- Kidneys, sebaceous glands and tear glands
  2. Earthworm :- Pharyngeal, integumentary and septal nephridia
  3. Cockroach :- Malpighian tubules and enteric caeca
  4. Frog :- Kidneys, skin and buccal epithelium
Ques. 3AIPMT 2010 (Prelims)

Which one of the following statements in regard to the excretion by the human kidneys is correct?

  1. Descending limb of loop of Henle is impermeable to water.
  2. Distal convoluted tubule is incapable of reabsorbing HCO3-.
  3. Nearly 99 per cent of the glomerular filtrate is reabsorbed by the renal tubules.
  4. Ascending limb of loop of Henle is impermeable to electrolytes.
Ques. 4AIPMT 2010 (Prelims)

The principal nitrogenous excretory compound in humans is synthesised

  1. in kidneys but eliminated mostly through liver
  2. in kidneys as well as eliminated by kidneys
  3. in liver and also eliminated by the same through bile
  4. in the liver, but eliminated mostly through kidneys
Ques. 5AIPMT 2009

What will happen if the stretch receptors of the urinary bladder wall are totally removed?

  1. Micturition will continue
  2. Urine will continue to collect normally in the bladder
  3. There will be no micturition
  4. Urine will not collect in the bladder
Ques. 6AIPMT 2009

Uric acid is the chief nitrogenous component of the excretory products of

  1. earthworm
  2. cockroach
  3. frog
  4. man.
Ques. 7AIPMT 2007

A person who is on a long hunger strike and is surviving only on water, will have

  1. less amino acids in his urine
  2. more glucose in his blood
  3. less urea in his urine
  4. more sodium in his urine
Ques. 8AIPMT 2006

Angiotensinogen is a protein produced and secreted by

  1. juxtaglomerular (JG) cells
  2. macula densa cells
  3. endothelial cells (cells lining the blood vessels)
  4. liver cells.
Ques. 9AIPMT 2006

Earthworms are -

  1. Uricotelic when plenty of water is available
  2. Ammonotelic when plenty of water is available
  3. Ureotelic when plenty of water is available
  4. Uricotelic under conditions of water scarcity
Ques. 10AIPMT 2005

In ornithine cycle, which of the following wastes are removed from the blood?

  1. CO2 and urea
  2. Ammonia and urea
  3. CO2 and ammonia
  4. Urea and urine
Ques. 11AIPMT 2005

The net pressure gradient that causes the fluid to filter out of the glomeruli into the capsule is

  1. 50 mm Hg
  2. 75 mm Hg
  3. 20 mm Hg
  4. 30 mm Hg

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