Excretory Products and their Elimination

Which one of the following is not a part of a renal pyramid?

1. Peritubular capillaries
2. Convoluted tubules
3. Collecting ducts
4. Loop of Henle

Which one of the following correctly explains the function of a specific part of the human nephron?

1. Podocytes : create minute spaces (slit pores) for the filtration of blood into the Bowman's capsule
2. Henle's loop : most reabsorption of the major substances from the glomerular filtrate
3. Distal convoluted tubule : reabsorption of K+ ions into the surrounding blood capillaries
4. Afferent arteriole : carries the blood away from the glomerulus towards renal vein.

Which one of the following statements is correct with respect to kidney function regulation?

1. When someone drinks a lot of water, ADH release is suppressed.
2. Exposure to cold temperature stimulates ADH release.
3. An increase in glomerular blood flow stimulates formation of angiotensin II.
4. During summer when body loses a lot of water by evaporation, the release of ADH is suppressed.

In which one of the following organisms its excretory organs are correctly stated?

1. Humans :- Kidneys, sebaceous glands and tear glands
2. Earthworm :- Pharyngeal, integumentary and septal nephridia
3. Cockroach :- Malpighian tubules and enteric caeca
4. Frog :- Kidneys, skin and buccal epithelium

Which one of the following statements in regard to the excretion by the human kidneys is correct?

1. Descending limb of loop of Henle is impermeable to water.
2. Distal convoluted tubule is incapable of reabsorbing HCO3-.
3. Nearly 99 per cent of the glomerular filtrate is reabsorbed by the renal tubules.
4. Ascending limb of loop of Henle is impermeable to electrolytes.

The principal nitrogenous excretory compound in humans is synthesised

1. in kidneys but eliminated mostly through liver
2. in kidneys as well as eliminated by kidneys
3. in liver and also eliminated by the same through bile
4. in the liver, but eliminated mostly through kidneys

What will happen if the stretch receptors of the urinary bladder wall are totally removed?

1. Micturition will continue
2. Urine will continue to collect normally in the bladder
3. There will be no micturition
4. Urine will not collect in the bladder

Uric acid is the chief nitrogenous component of the excretory products of

1. earthworm
2. cockroach
3. frog
4. man.

A person who is on a long hunger strike and is surviving only on water, will have

1. less amino acids in his urine
2. more glucose in his blood
3. less urea in his urine
4. more sodium in his urine

Angiotensinogen is a protein produced and secreted by

1. juxtaglomerular (JG) cells
2. macula densa cells
3. endothelial cells (cells lining the blood vessels)
4. liver cells.