Chemical Coordination and Integration

Fight-or-flight reactions cause activation of

1. the parathyroid glands, leading to increased metabolic rate
2. the kidney, leading to suppression of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone pathway
3. the adrenal medulla, leading to increased secretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine
4. the pancreas leading to a reduction in the blood sugar levels.

A pregnant female delivers a baby who suffers from stunted growth, mental retardation, low intelligence quotient and abnormal skin. This is the result of

1. cancer of the thyroid gland
2. oversecretion of pars distalis
3. deficiency of iodine in diet
4. low secretion of growth hormone.

Which of the following statements is correct in relation to the endocrine system?

1. Non-nutrient chemicals produced by the body in trace amounts that act as intercellular messenger are known as hormones.
2. Releasing and inhibitory hormones are produced by the pituitary gland.
3. Adenohypophysis is under direct neural regulation of the hypothalamus.
4. Organs in the body like gastrointestinal tract, heart, kidney and liver do not produce any hormones.

Select the answer which correctly matches the endocrine gland with the hormone it secretes and its function/deficiency symptom.

1. array|l|l|l| Endocrine & Hormone & Function/ \ gland & & Deficiency \ & & symptoms \ Thyroid & Thyroxine & Lack of iodine \ gland & & in diet results \ & & in goitre \ array
2. array|l|l|l| Endocrine & Hormone & Function/ \ gland & & Deficiency \ & & symptoms \ Corpus & Testosterone & Stimulates \ luteum & & spermatogenesis \ array
3. array|l|l|l| Endocrine & Hormone & Function/ \ gland & & Deficiency \ & & symptoms \ Anterior & Oxytocin & Stimulates uterine \ pituitary & & contraction during \ & & child birth \ array
4. array|l|l|l| Endocrine & Hormone & Function/ \ gland & & Deficiency \ & & symptoms \ Posterior & Growth & Oversecretion \ pituitary & hormone & stimulates \ & (GH) & abnormal growth \ array

Select the option which correctly matches the endocrine gland with its hormone and its function.

1. array|l|l|l| Endocrine & Hormone & Function \ gland & & \ Placenta & Estrogen & Initiates secretion \ & & of the milk \ array
2. array|l|l|l| Endocrine & Hormone & Function \ gland & & \ Corpus & Estrogen & Essential for \ luteum & & maintenance of \ & & endometrium \ array
3. array|l|l|l| Endocrine & Hormone & Function \ gland & & \ Leydig's & Androgen & Initiates the \ cells & & production of \ & & sperms \ array
4. array|l|l|l| Endocrine & Hormone & Function \ gland & & \ Ovary & FSH & Stimulates follicular \ & & development and \ & & the secretion of \ & & estrogens \ array

Norepinephrine (i) is released by sympathetic fibres (ii) is released by parasympathetic fibers (iii) increases the heart rate (iv) decreases blood pressure. Which of the above statements are correct?

1. (i) and (iii)
2. (ii) and (iii)
3. (ii) and (iv)
4. (i) and (iv)

Which of the following represents the action of insulin?

1. Increases blood glucose level by stimulating glucagon production.
2. Decreases blood glucose levels by forming glycogen.
3. Increases blood glucose levels by promoting cellular uptake of glucose.
4. Increases blood glucose levels by hydrolysis of glycogen.

A person entering an empty room suddenly finds a snake right in front on opening the door. Which one of the following is likely to happen in his neuro-hormonal control system?

1. Sympathetic nervous system is activated releasing epinephrine and norepinephrine from adrenal medulla.
2. Neurotransmitters diffuse rapidly across the cleft and transmit a nerve impulse.
3. Hypothalamus activates the parasympathetic division of brain.
4. Sympathetic nervous system is activated releasing epinephrine and norepinephrine from adrenal cortex.

Which one of the following pairs of hormones are the examples of those that can easily pass through the cell membrane of the target cell and bind to a receptor inside it (mostly in the nucleus)?

1. Insulin, glucagon
2. Thyroxine, insulin
3. Somatostatin, oxytocin
4. Cortisol, testosterone

What is correct to say about the hormone action in humans?

1. Glucagon is secreted by β-cells of islets of Langerhans and stimulates glycogenolysis.
2. Secretion of thymosins is stimulated with aging.
3. In females, FSH first binds with specific receptors on ovarian cell membrane.
4. FSH stimulates the secretion of estrogen and progesterone.