Chemical Coordination and Integration

A person entering an empty room suddenly finds a snake right in front on opening the door. Which one of the following is likely to happen in his neuro-hormonal control system?

1. Sympathetic nervous system is activated releasing epinephrine and norepinephrine from adrenal medulla.
2. Neurotransmitters diffuse rapidly across the cleft and transmit a nerve impulse.
3. Hypothalamus activates the parasympathetic division of brain.
4. Sympathetic nervous system is activated releasing epinephrine and norepinephrine from adrenal cortex.

Which one of the following pairs of hormones are the examples of those that can easily pass through the cell membrane of the target cell and bind to a receptor inside it (mostly in the nucleus)?

1. Insulin, glucagon
2. Thyroxine, insulin
3. Somatostatin, oxytocin
4. Cortisol, testosterone

What is correct to say about the hormone action in humans?

1. Glucagon is secreted by β-cells of islets of Langerhans and stimulates glycogenolysis.
2. Secretion of thymosins is stimulated with aging.
3. In females, FSH first binds with specific receptors on ovarian cell membrane.
4. FSH stimulates the secretion of estrogen and progesterone.

The 24 hour (diurnal) rhythm of our body such as the sleep-wake cycle is regulated by the hormone

1. calcitonin
2. prolactin
3. adrenaline
4. melatonin

Match the source gland with its respective hormone and function and select the correct option.

1. array|l|l|l| Source gland & Hormone & Function \ Anterior pituitary & Oxytocin & Contraction of uterus \ & & muscles during child \ & & birth \ array
2. array|l|l|l| Source gland & Hormone & Function \ Posterior pituitary & Vasopressin & Stimulates reabsorption \ & & of water in the distal \ & & tubules in the nephron \ array
3. array|l|l|l| Source gland & Hormone & Function \ Corpus luteum & Estrogen & Supports pregnancy \ array
4. array|l|l|l| Source gland & Hormone & Function \ Thyroid & Thyroxine & Regulates blood \ & & calcium level \ array

Given below is an incomplete table on hormones, their source glands and one major effect of each on human body. Identify the option representing correct grouping of hormone, its gland and effect. array|l|l|l| Gland & Secretion & Effect on body \ A & Estrogen & Maintenance of \ & & secondary sexual \ & & characters \ Alpha cells of Islets & B & Raises blood sugar \ of Langerhans & & level \ Anterior pituitary & C & Over secretion leads \ & & to gigantism \ array

1. array|l|l|l| A & B & C \ Ovary & Glucagon & Growth hormone \ array
2. array|l|l|l| A & B & C \ Placenta & Insulin & Vasopressin \ array
3. array|l|l|l| A & B & C \ Ovary & Insulin & Calcitonin \ array
4. array|l|l|l| A & B & C \ Placenta & Glucagon & Calcitonin \ array

Injury to adrenal cortex is not likely to affect the secretion of which one of the following?

1. Aldosterone
2. Both androstenedione and dehydroepiandrosterone
3. Adrenaline
4. Cortisol

Which one of the following pairs is incorrectly matched?

1. Glucagon – Beta cells (source)
2. Somatostatin – Delta cells (source)
3. Corpus luteum – Relaxin (secretion)
4. Insulin – Diabetes mellitus (disease)

Toxic agents present in food which interfere with thyroxine synthesis lead to the development of

1. toxic goitre
2. cretinism
3. simple goitre
4. thyrotoxicosis

Select the correct matching of a hormone, its source and function.

1. array|l|l|l| Hormone & Source & Function \ Vasopressin & Posterior pituitary & Increases loss of \ & & water through urine \ array
2. array|l|l|l| Hormone & Source & Function \ Norepinephrine & Adrenal medulla & Increases heart beat, \ & & rate of respiration and \ & & alertness \ array
3. array|l|l|l| Hormone & Source & Function \ Glucagon & Beta-cells of Islets of & Stimulates glycogenolysis \ & Langerhans & \ array
4. array|l|l|l| Hormone & Source & Function \ Prolactin & Posterior pituitary & Regulates growth \ & & of mammary glands \ & & and milk formation in \ & & females \ array