Breathing and Exchange of Gases

Due to increasing air-borne allergens and pollutants, many people in urban areas are suffering from respiratory disorder causing wheezing due to :

1. Proliferation of fibrous tissues and damage of the alveolar walls
2. Reduction in the secretion of surfactants by pneumocytes
3. Benign growth on mucous lining of nasal cavity
4. Inflammation of bronchi and bronchioles

Which of the following options correctly represents the lung conditions in asthma and emphysema, respectively?

1. Decreased respiratory surface; Inflammation of bronchioles
2. Inflammation of bronchioles; Decreased respiratory surface
3. Increased number of bronchioles; Increased respiratory surface
4. Increased respiratory surface; Inflammation of bronchioles

Match the items given in column I with those in column II and select the correct option given below.

1. (a)-(iii), (b)-(i), (c)-(iv), (d)-(ii)
2. (a)-(iv), (b)-(iii), (c)-(ii), (d)-(i)
3. (a)-(iii), (b)-(ii), (c)-(i), (d)-(iv)
4. (a)-(i), (b)-(iv), (c)-(ii), (d)-(iii)

Which of the following is an occupational respiratory disorder?

1. Botulism
2. Anthracis
3. Silicosis
4. Emphysema

Lungs are made up of air-filled sacs, the alveoli. They do not collapse even after forceful expiration, because of

1. inspiratory reserve volume
2. tidal volume
3. expiratory reserve volume
4. residual volume.

Reduction in pH of blood will

1. decrease the affinity of haemoglobin with oxygen
2. release bicarbonate ions by the liver
3. reduce the rate of heart beat
4. reduce the blood supply to the brain.

Name the chronic respiratory disorder caused mainly by cigarette smoking.

1. Respiratory acidosis
2. Respiratory alkalosis
3. Emphysema
4. Asthma

Asthma may be attributed to

1. inflammation of the trachea
2. accumulation of fluid in the lungs
3. bacterial infection of the lungs
4. allergic reaction of the mast cells in the lungs.

The partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli of the lungs is

1. equal to that in the blood
2. more than that in the blood
3. less than that in the blood
4. less than that of carbon dioxide.

Lungs do not collapse between breaths and some air always remains in the lungs which can never be expelled because

1. there is a negative pressure in the lungs
2. there is a negative intrapleural pressure pulling at the lung walls
3. there is a positive intrapleural pressure
4. pressure in the lungs is higher than the atmospheric pressure.