Digestion and Absorption

When breast feeding is replaced by less nutritive food low in proteins and calories; the infants below the age of one year are likely to suffer from

1. rickets
2. kwashiorkor
3. pellagra
4. marasmus

A young infant may be feeding entirely on mother's milk which is white in colour but the stools which the infant passes out is quite yellowish. What is this yellow colour due to?

1. Bile pigments passed through bile juice
2. Undigested milk protein casein
3. Pancreatic juice poured into duodenum
4. Intestinal juice

Which one of the following statements is true regarding digestion and absorption of food in humans?

1. Fructose and amino acids are absorbed through intestinal mucosa with the help of carrier ions like Na+.
2. Chylomicrons are small lipoprotein particles that are transported from intestine into blood capillaries.
3. About 60% of starch is hydrolysed by salivary amylase in our mouth.
4. Oxyntic cells in our stomach secrete the proenzyme pepsinogen.

Which one of the following pairs of food components in humans reaches the stomach totally undigested?

1. Starch and fat
2. Fat and cellulose
3. Starch and cellulose
4. Protein and starch

Which one of the following is the correct matching of the site of action on the given substrate, the enzyme acting upon it and the end product?

1. Small intestine : Proteins Pepsin amino acids
2. Stomach : Fats Lipase micelles
3. Duodenum : Triglycerides Trypsin monoglycerides
4. Small intestine : Starch -Amylase disaccharide (maltose)

What will happen if the secretion of parietal cells of gastric glands is blocked with an inhibitor?

1. In the absence of HCl secretion, inactive pepsinogen is not converted into the active enzyme pepsin.
2. Enterokinase will not be released from the duodenal mucosa and so trypsinogen is not converted to trypsin.
3. Gastric juice will be deficient in chymosin.
4. Gastric juice will be deficient in pepsinogen.

Which one of the following is a fat-soluble vitamin and its related deficiency disease?

1. Retinol – Xerophthalmia
2. Cobalamine – Beri-beri
3. Calciferol – Pellagra
4. Ascorbic acid – Scurvy

Secretin and cholecystokinin are digestive hormones. They are secreted in

1. pyloric stomach
2. duodenum
3. ileum
4. oesophagus.

Epithelial cells of the intestine involved in food absorption have on their surface

1. pinocytic vesicles
2. microvilli
3. zymogen granules
4. phagocytic vesicles.

A patient is generally advised to specially consume more meat, lentils, milk and eggs in diet only when he suffers from

1. scurvy
2. kwashiorkor
3. rickets
4. anaemia.