Body Fluids and Circulation

How do parasympathetic neural signals affect the working of the heart?

1. Reduce both heart rate and cardiac output.
2. Heart rate is increased without affecting the cardiac output.
3. Both heart rate and cardiac output increase.
4. Heart rate decreases but cardiac output increases.

The diagram given here is the standard ECG of a normal person. The P-wave represents the [figure]

1. beginning of the systole
2. end of systole
3. contraction of both the atria
4. initiation of the ventricular contraction.

The given figure shows schematic plan of blood circulation in humans with labels A to D. Identify the label and give its functions? [figure]

1. A - Pulmonary vein - takes impure blood from body parts, pO2 = 60 mm Hg
2. B - Pulmonary artery - takes blood from heart to lungs, pO2 = 90 mm Hg
3. C - Vena cava - takes blood from body parts to right auricle, pCO2 = 45 mm Hg
4. D - Dorsal aorta - takes blood from heart to body parts, pO2 = 95 mm Hg

The figure shows blood circulation in humans with labels A to D. Select the option which gives correct identification of label and functions of the part. [Figure]

1. A - Artery-Thick walled and blood flows evenly
2. C - Vein-Thin walled and blood flows in jerks/spurts
3. D - Pulmonary vein-Takes oxygenated blood to heart, pO2 = 95 mmHg
4. B - Capillary-Thin without muscle layer and wall two cell layers thick

The figure shows a human blood cell. Identify it and give its characteristics. [Figure]

1. Blood cell Monocyte, Characteristics Life span of 3 days, produces antibodies
2. Blood cell B-lymphocyte, Characteristics Forms about 20% of blood cells involved in immune response
3. Blood cell Basophil, Characteristics Secretes serotonin, inflammatory response
4. Blood cell Neutrophil, Characteristics Most abundant blood cells, phagocytic

Which one of the following human organs is often called the "graveyard" of RBCs?

1. Gall bladder
2. Kidney
3. Spleen
4. Liver

A certain road accident patient with unknown blood group needs immediate blood transfusion. His one doctor friend at once offers his blood. What was the blood group of the donor?

1. Blood group B
2. Blood group AB
3. Blood group O
4. Blood group A

Given below is the ECG of a normal human. Which one of its components is correctly interpreted below? [figure]

1. Complex QRS - one complete pulse
2. Peak T - initiation of total cardiac contraction
3. Peak P and peak R together - systolic and diastolic blood pressures
4. Peak P - initiation of left atrial contraction only

'Bundle of His' is a part of which one of the following organs in humans?

1. Brain
2. Heart
3. Kidney
4. Pancreas

Which one of the following plasma proteins is involved in the coagulation of blood?

1. Albumin
2. Serum amylase
3. Globulin
4. Fibrinogen

Arteries are best defined as the vessels which

1. supply oxygenated blood to the different organs
2. carry blood away from the heart to different organs
3. break up into capillaries which reunite to form a vein
4. carry blood from one visceral organ to another visceral organ.

Which one of the following statements is correct regarding blood pressure?

1. 130/90 mm Hg is considered high and requires treatment.
2. 100/55 mm Hg is considered an ideal blood pressure.
3. 105/50 mm Hg makes one very active.
4. 190/110 mm Hg may harm vital organs like brain and kidney.

A person with unknown blood group under ABO system, has suffered much blood loss in an accident and needs immediate blood transfusion. His friend who has valid certificate of his own blood type, offers for blood donation without delay. What would have been the type of blood group of the donor friend?

1. Type B
2. Type AB
3. Type O
4. Type A

Fastest distribution of some injectable material/medicine and with no risk of any kind can be achieved by injecting it into the

1. muscles
2. arteries
3. veins
4. lymph vessels

Given below are four statements (i – iv) regarding human blood circulatory system. (i) Arteries are thick-walled and have narrow lumen as compared to veins. (ii) Angina is acute chest pain when the blood circulation to the brain is reduced. (iii) Persons with blood group AB can donate blood to any person with any blood group under ABO system. (iv) Calcium ions play a very important role in blood clotting. Which two of the above statements are correct?

1. (i) and (iv)
2. (i) and (ii)
3. (ii) and (iii)
4. (iii) and (iv)

The haemoglobin content per 100 mL of blood of a normal healthy human adult is

1. 5–11 g
2. 25–30 g
3. 17–20 g
4. 12–16 g

If due to some injury the chordae tendineae of the tricuspid valve of the human heart is partially non-functional, what will be the immediate effect?

1. The flow of blood into the aorta will be slowed down
2. The 'pacemaker' will stop working
3. The blood will tend to flow back into the left atrium
4. The flow of blood into the pulmonary artery will be reduced

There is no DNA in

1. mature RBCs
2. a mature spermatozoan
3. hair root
4. an enucleated ovum.

In a standard ECG which one of the following alphabets is the correct representation of the respective activity of the human heart?

1. S - start of systole
2. T - end of diastole
3. P - depolarisation of the atria
4. R - repolarisation of ventricles

Globulins contained in human blood plasma are primarily involved in

1. osmotic balance of body fluids
2. oxygen transport in the blood
3. clotting of blood
4. defence mechanisms of body.

Compared to blood our lymph has

1. plasma without proteins
2. more WBCs and no RBCs
3. more RBCs and less WBCs
4. no plasma.

In humans, blood passes from the post caval to the diastolic right atrium of heart due to

1. stimulation of the sino auricular node
2. pressure difference between the post caval and atrium
3. pushing open of the venous valves
4. suction pull

The most active phagocytic white blood cells are

1. eosinophils and lymphocytes
2. neutrophils and monocytes
3. neutrophils and eosinophils
4. lymphocytes and macrophages

Which type of white blood cells are connected with the release of histamine and the natural anticoagulant heparin?

1. Eosinophils
2. Monocytes
3. Neutrophils
4. Basophils

A drop of each of the following, is placed separately on four slides. Which of them will not coagulate?

1. Blood serum
2. Sample from the thoracic duct of lymphatic system
3. Whole blood from pulmonary vein
4. Blood plasma

If you suspect major deficiency of antibodies in a person, to which of the following would you look for confirmatory evidence?

1. Serum albumins
2. Fibrinogen in the plasma
3. Serum globulins
4. Haemocytes

Examination of blood of a person suspected of having anaemia shows large, immature, nucleated erythrocytes without haemoglobin. Supplementing his diet with which of the following is likely to alleviate his symptoms?

1. Iron compounds
2. Thiamine
3. Folic acid and cobalamin
4. Riboflavin

You are required to draw blood from a patient and to keep it in a test tube for analysis of blood corpuscles and plasma. You are also provided with the following four types of test tubes. Which of these will you not use for the purpose?

1. Test tube containing calcium bicarbonate
2. Chilled test tube
3. Test tube containing heparin
4. Test tube containing sodium oxalate.

Systemic heart refers to

1. the heart that contracts under stimulation from nervous system
2. left auricle and left ventricle in higher vertebrates
3. entire heart in lower vertebrates
4. the two ventricles together in humans.

The cardiac pacemaker in a patient fails to function normally. The doctors find that an artificial pacemaker is to be grafted in him. It is likely that it will be grafted at the site of

1. atrioventricular bundle
2. Purkinje system
3. sino-atrial node
4. atrioventricular node.