Ecosystem

The pioneer species in a hydrarch succession are

1. Filamentous algae
2. Free-floating angiosperms
3. Submerged rooted plants
4. Phytoplanktons

The species that come to appear in bare area are called

1. Species of seral community
2. Pioneer species
3. Invasive species
4. Competitive species

Match List - I with List - II : Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

1. (a)-(iii), (b)-(ii), (c)-(i), (d)-(iv)
2. (a)-(ii), (b)-(iv), (c)-(iii), (d)-(i)
3. (a)-(iii), (b)-(iv), (c)-(ii), (d)-(i)
4. (a)-(ii), (b)-(iii), (c)-(iv), (d)-(i)

The amount of biomass or organic matter produced per unit area over a time period by plants during photosynthesis is called

1. Net primary production
2. Secondary production
3. Primary production
4. Gross primary production

The amount of nutrients, such as carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and calcium present in the soil at any given time, is referred to as :

1. Standing crop
2. Climax
3. Climax community
4. Standing state

Which of the following statements is not correct?

1. Pyramid of numbers in a grassland ecosystem is upright
2. Pyramid of biomass in sea is generally inverted.
3. Pyramid of biomass in sea is generally upright.
4. Pyramid of energy is always upright.

In the equation GPP - R = NPP R represents :

1. Respiration losses
2. Radiant energy
3. Retardation factor
4. Environmental factor

In relation to Gross primary productivity and Net primary productivity of an ecosystem, which one of the following statements is correct?

1. There is no relationship between Gross primary productivity and Net primary productivity
2. Gross primary productivity is always more than net primary productivity
3. Gross primary productivity is always less than net primary productivity
4. Gross primary productivity and Net primary productivity are one and same

Match the trophic levels with their correct species examples in grassland ecosystem. Select the correct option

1. (a)-(iv), (b)-(iii), (c)-(ii), (d)-(i)
2. (a)-(ii), (b)-(iii), (c)-(iv), (d)-(i)
3. (a)-(i), (b)-(ii), (c)-(iii), (d)-(iv)
4. (a)-(iii), (b)-(ii), (c)-(i), (d)-(iv)

Which of the following ecological pyramids is generally inverted?

1. Pyramid of biomass in a forest
2. Pyramid of biomass in a sea
3. Pyramid of numbers in grassland
4. Pyramid of energy