Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production

The capacity to generate a whole plant from any cell of the plant is called:

1. Totipotency
2. Micropropagation
3. Differentiation
4. Somatic hybridization

Which of the following are fused in somatic hybridization involving two varieties of plants?

1. Callus
2. Somatic embryos
3. Protoplasts
4. Pollens

Which one of the following is NOT an advantage of inbreeding?

1. It exposes harmful recessive genes that are eliminated by selection.
2. Elimination of less desirable genes and accumulation of superior genes takes place due to it.
3. It decreases the productivity of inbred population, after continuous inbreeding.
4. It increases homozygosity.

Breeding crops with higher levels of vitamins and minerals or higher proteins and healthier fats is called:

1. Bio-magnification
2. Bio-remediation
3. Bio-fortification
4. Bio-accumulation

Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R). In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

1. (A) is not correct but (R) is correct
2. Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
3. Both (A) and (R) are correct but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
4. (A) is correct but (R) is not correct

Select the incorrect statement with respect to inbreeding of animals.

1. It exposes harmful recessive genes that are eliminated by selection.
2. It is used for evolving pure lines in cattle.
3. It helps in accumulation of superior genes and elimination of less desirable genes.
4. It decreases homozygosity.

Mutations in plant cells can be induced by :

1. Zeatin
2. Kinetin
3. Infrared rays
4. Gamma rays

Match List-I with List-II. Choose the correct answer from the options given below.

1. (a)-(iv), (b)-(iii), (c)-(ii), (d)-(i)
2. (a)-(iii), (b)-(iv), (c)-(ii), (d)-(i)
3. (a)-(ii), (b)-(i), (c)-(iv), (d)-(iii)
4. (a)-(iii), (b)-(iv), (c)-(i), (d)-(ii)

Which of the following is not an objective of Biofortification of crops?

1. Improve micronutrient and mineral content
2. Improve protein content
3. Improve resistance to diseases
4. Improve vitamin content

Which of the following is not a step in Multiple Ovulation Embryo Transfer Technology (MOET)?

1. Fertilized eggs are transferred to surrogate mothers at 8-32 cell stage
2. Cow is administered hormone having LH like activity for super ovulation
3. Cow yields about 6-8 eggs at a time
4. Cow is fertilized by artificial insemination

By which method was a new breed ‘Hisardale’ of sheep formed by using Bikaneri ewes and Merino rams?

1. Out crossing
2. Mutational breeding
3. Inbreeding
4. Cross breeding

Select the incorrect statement.

1. Inbreeding selects harmful recessive genes that reduce fertility and productivity.
2. Inbreeding helps in accumulation of superior genes and elimination of undesirable genes.
3. Inbreeding increases homozygosity.
4. Inbreeding is essential to evolve purelines in any animal.

Homozygous purelines in cattle can be obtained by :

1. mating of related individuals of same breed
2. mating of individuals of different species
3. mating of individuals of different breed
4. mating of unrelated individuals of same breed

Interspecific hybridisation is the mating of

1. animals within same breed without having common ancestors
2. superior males and females of different breeds
3. more closely related individuals within same breed for 4-6 generations
4. two different related species

Among the following edible fishes, which one is a marine fish having rich source of omega-3 fatty acids ?

1. Mangur
2. Mystus
3. Mackerel
4. Mrigala

Outbreeding is an important strategy of animal husbandry because it :

1. helps in accumulation of superior genes.
2. is useful in overcoming inbreeding depression.
3. is useful in producing purelines of animals.
4. exposes harmful recessive genes that are eliminated by selection.

A protoplast is a cell -

1. undergoing division
2. without plasma membrane
3. without nucleus
4. without cell wall

A technique of micropropagation is

1. somatic embryogenesis
2. embryo rescue
3. protoplast fusion
4. somatic hybridisation

Which of the following enhances or induces fusion of protoplasts ?

1. Sodium chloride and potassium chloride
2. IAA and kinetin
3. Polyethylene glycol and sodium nitrate
4. IAA and gibberellins

To obtain virus-free healthy plants from a diseased one by tissue culture technique, which part/parts of the diseased plant will be taken ?

1. Epidermis only
2. Palisade parenchyma
3. Both apical and axillary meristems
4. Apical meristem only

In vitro clonal propagation in plants is characterized by :

1. Microscopy
2. Northern blotting
3. Electrophoresis and HPLC
4. PCR and RAPD

In plant breeding programmes, the entire collection (of plants/seeds) having all the diverse alleles for all genes in a given crop is called :

1. germplasm collection
2. evaluation and selection of parents
3. selection of superior recombinants
4. cross-hybridisation among the selected parents

Tissue culture technique can produce infinite number of new plants from a small parental tissue. The economic importance of the technique is in raising:

1. development of new species
2. genetically uniform population identical to the original parent
3. variants through picking up somaclonal variations
4. homozygous diploid plants

Which of the following statements is not true about somatic embryogenesis ?

1. Somatic embryos can develop from microspores
2. Somatic embryo is induced usually by an auxin such as 2,4-D
3. The pattern of development of a somatic embryo is comparable to that of a zygotic embryo
4. A somatic embryo develops from a somatic cell

Consider the following four statements (a-d) and select the option which includes all the correct ones only :

1. Statements B, C and D
2. Statements C, D
3. Statements A, C and D
4. Statements A, B

Green revolution in India occurred during -

1. 1980's
2. 1950's
3. 1960's
4. 1970's

Which one of the following is a case of wrong matching?

1. Somatic hybridization - Fusion of two diverse cells
2. Callus - Unorganised mass of cells produced in tissue culture
3. Vector DNA - Site for tRNA synthesis
4. Micropropagation - In vitro production of plants in large numbers

Which part would be most suitable for raising virus-free plants for micropropagation?

1. Vascular tissue
2. Node
3. Bark
4. Meristem

When two unrelated individuals or lines are crossed, the performance of F1 hybrid is often superior to both parents. This phenomenon is called :

1. Splicing
2. Transformation
3. Heterosis
4. Metamorphosis

A collection of plants and seeds having diverse alleles of all the genes of a crop is called :

1. Gene library
2. Genome
3. Germplasm
4. Herbarium